ust last week, five more states voted to legalize recreational marijuana, but users may want to be cautious. A study released Sunday suggests that marijuana use can weaken heart muscles, particularly in young men. The study was presented at the annual scientific conference of the American Heart Association in New Orleans.
Recognizing the possible adverse health effects of smoking pot to get high, the researchers examined the link between marijuana use and heart health.
Marijuana users vs. non-users
The researchers, from St. Luke’s University Hospital Network, focused on patients with stress cardiomyopathy, a sudden temporary weakening of the heart muscle that prevents it from pumping. Patients with the condition, which has been said to mimic a heart attack, can experience acute chest pain, shortness of breath and dizziness.
The muscle weakness is most often caused by acute stress or grief, such as a breakup or the death of a loved one. However, according to Dr. Amitoj Singh, the lead investigator of the study, at least two cases of stress cardiomyopathy in medical literature have been related to marijuana use.
“There have been many reports of heart attacks, strokes and the two cases of (stress cardiomyopathy) that have been linked to marijuana,” Singh said.
Greater availability of marijuana, particularly for recreational use, has heightened concern in the medical community about cardiac risks, sparking Singh’s interest.
Using Nationwide Inpatient Sample data from 2003 to 2011, the researchers tracked hospital admissions and outcomes of 33,343 patients with stress cardiomyopathy. The data were taken from across the country and represented both men and women of varied ages. Two groups were formed from the data: one group of marijuana users (which had 210 patients, or 1% of the total study pool) and a group of patients who did not use the drug.
Each group was strikingly different in terms of demographics, medical histories and outcomes. The marijuana users tended to be younger and more often male, a finding that was surprising to Singh, because stress cardiomyopathy most often occurs in older women, he said.
Marijuana users also had fewer risk factors that typically cause stress cardiomyopathy, such as acute stress, hypertension, diabetes, migraines and hyperthyroidism. The non-marijuana-using group had much higher rates of these conditions.
“Even though these young people had less cardiac risk factors, they still had high cardiac risk,” Singh said.
Marijuana users also suffered more severe cardiac problems. “Despite being younger and with fewer cardiovascular risk factors than non-users, during stress cardiomyopathy, the marijuana users were significantly more likely to go into cardiac arrest (2.4% vs. 0.8%) and to require an implanted defibrillator to detect and correct dangerously abnormal heart rhythms (2.4% vs. 0.6%),” the American Heart Association said of the study in a news release.
Investigating further, the researchers created a model that excluded all of the known causes of stress cardiomyopathy to see whether marijuana use alone could trigger the condition. They found a statistically significant relationship between the drug and stress cardiomyopathy, Singh said.
“Someone who uses marijuana is almost two times more likely to develop stress cardiomyopathy,” he explained.
However, the report also found that marijuana users were more likely to use tobacco and illicit substances, as well as suffer from depression, than non-marijuana users.
Dr. Ann Bolger, a professor of clinical medicine at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine and a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, said these factors can contribute to stress cardiomyopathy. “It’s hard to know exactly that you can account for all of these other contributors” when determining causation of the condition, she said.
Should you avoid marijuana?
Bolger agrees with the overall concern raised by the new study. “It does give me some very appropriate worry that exposure to (marijuana) may not be as benign as some people seem to think.”
She added that “If this is in some way predictive of poor outcomes or indicative that we need to have concern about the cardiovascular health and outcomes of patients using marijuana, I think it’s a very good thing to start to think about.”
Singh acknowledges that marijuana has several benefits in medicine, particularly with treatments such as chemotherapy. “We don’t want to underestimate the benefits of medical marijuana,” he confirmed.
Still, Singh wants to draw attention to the potential harms of recreational use. The lack of regulation makes it difficult for users to know the amount of THC, the psychosis-inducing chemical in marijuana, contained in a dose, which can be dangerous. Singh is still not certain whether THC is principally responsible for users’ cardiac problems; that is a topic that needs to be further studied, he said.
As a whole, more research needs to be done regarding the effects of marijuana on heart health, Singh emphasized.
“This is a retrospective study, so we cannot determine causation” between marijuana and weakening heart muscles, he concluded. “Further research is needed to evaluate this study, especially considering the current increase of recreational marijuana in our country.”
에그벳슬롯
Fang Jifan은 캠프에서 돌아섰고 그의 온 몸은 갑자기 활력을 얻었습니다.
레프리칸 리치스
Ouyang Zhi에 대한 Fang Jifan의 감정을 아무도 이해할 수 없습니다.
문 프린세스 100
그들은 Jiao의 집에 도착하여 우편물을 넘겨주고 손님으로 왔습니다.
신규 슬롯 사이트
그때는 비를 맞을 수 없기 때문에 실제로 사람을 태울 수는 없습니다.
무료 슬롯 사이트
그 결과 사제들과 포르투갈 총독은 약간 후퇴했습니다.
톰 오브 매드니스
한 사람이 한 집단을 위해 백 가지 선행을 했고 칭찬도 거의 받지 못했습니다.
슬롯 게임 사이트
그런 다음 그는 타구를 가져와 병상 아래에 두었습니다.
게이츠 오브 올림푸스
천 가구는 잠시 당황했고 다리가 멈췄습니다!
황제 슬롯
의외로 장 여왕은 약간의 음식을 맛본 후 식욕이별로 없었습니다.
프라 그마 틱 슬롯 사이트
이것을 읽은 후 Hongzhi 황제의 얼굴이 잿빛으로 변했습니다.
슬롯 머신 무료
Fang Wenjing은 거의 미쳐 가고 있었고 떨고 있었고 점원을 바라 보았습니다. “땅 조각?”
안전한 슬롯 사이트
Fang Jinglong은 장군을 만나 더 일찍 몸을 회복하기를 바라며 열심히 일했습니다.
포춘 슬롯
후자는 여전히 장황할 수 있기 때문에 군주와 장관에게 분위기를 조정할 기회를 제공합니다.
https://urlscan.io/result/86ff3bc8-ed53-4384-9667-51bac0d829d8/
cab 토토
“그만!” Hongzhi 황제는 화를 내며 손을 가리키며 “나가!”
온라인 슬롯 사이트
그는 Zhu Houzhao에게 몸을 돌리고 “왕자님 … 당신이 준비합니다. “라고 말했습니다.
스네이크 아레나 드림 드롭
Zhou Tanzhi가 돼지를 기르는 것은 폐하의 뜻이었고… 그는 정말로 잘못했습니다.
오션 슬롯
이제이 사람들은 뚱뚱하고 기름 부음을 받았지만 여전히 도로를 건설해야하고 도로를 건설 할 돈이 충분하지 않아 돈을 빌려야합니다.
온라인 슬롯 머신
그러나 남의 자식이 왕위에 오르면 일정한 영향력을 제거하는 것이 불가피하다.
황제 슬롯
즉시 많은 사람들이 난징의 예부 야멘에 왔습니다.
해피 머니 토토
Suleiman의 지원으로 유교는 제국의 여러 계층에 스며들기 시작했습니다.
톰 오브 매드니스
Qi Jingtong은 약간 조심스럽게 Hongzhi 황제를 올려다 보았습니다.
토토 입플 이벤트
갑자기 두 제자가 무릎을 꿇고 말했다.
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