Scientists have achieved two major breakthroughs with the plan to conduct the first-ever human gene-editing trial next month to treat cancer and to stop asthma by turning off the gene controlling coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.
According to a study published in the journal Nature but first reported in DailyMailUK Online, the world’s first clinical trial that will inject humans with genetically modified cells created with a ground-breaking Deoxy ribonucleic Acid (DNA)-editing technology is set to start next month.
Oncologists at Sichuan University’s West China Hospital in Chengdu have been given approval to begin the tests with cells modified using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technique.
It is hoped it might provide a new treatment against cancer for patients who have not responded to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.The researchers will extract immune cells known as T cells from the blood of the patients taking part in the trail and use CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out a gene in the cells.
This will disable a regulatory mechanism in the immune cells that prevents them from normally attacking other cells in the body.The researchers will extract T cells from the blood of patients taking part in the trail.
A gene coding for a protein called PD-9 will be knocked out in the cells using CRISPR-Cas9.The technique uses tags and an enzyme to cut DNA in a precise place, allowing small portions of a gene to be removed. This turns off the gene for PD-9, which will mean the T cells will loose some of the regulation that stops them from attacking cells belonging to the human body.
These edited cells will be multiplied before being injected back into the patient.Researchers hope they will then home in on the cancer and destroy it. However, there are concerns the cells could become overactive and mount an immune response against healthy tissue too.
The scientists hope that when these edited cells are reintroduced back into the patient’s bloodstream they will home in on the cancer and destroy it.Also, scientists have discovered a revolutionary approach which could lead to new ways of treating asthma.
Credit: Guardian
